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When it comes to configuring your own gaming computer, most people emphasize on how you need fast video cards, an efficient processor, or extremely responsive memory modules. In order for these components to utilize all their core features, the motherboard they are situated with must be able to handle all these specifications accordingly. With that, all three of those components are actually directly connected to the motherboard and believe it or not, the system board is one of the least appreciated parts! Who would have thought?! Though we can’t give all the credit to just a single components actions, as a gaming PC consists of multiple hardware parts working in an effective manner. To help you select one of the best gaming motherboards, we have compiled a few key specifications to help you decide on a candidate that meets your needs.

You should always begin this process by choosing a compatible processor. It seems somewhat odd, but the motherboard is where the processor is stationed. The reason this formal spec. is so crucial relates to the CPU socket located on the motherboard, which by default is the best way to selecting a suitable logic board. Let me give you an example. Say you have an Intel Core i7 processor and a motherboard with a 775 socket. This will not work because this particular socket was built for Intel Core 2 Duo and Quad Core gaming processors. A Core i7 processor must use an LGA 1156 (Socket H) or LGA 1366 (Socket B) socket.

Which brings us to another detail that is extremely important not to overlook. The type of processor you choose limits you to the motherboards you can purchase. There are two major processor manufacturers you have to choose from. Either Intel or AMD. Both use different sockets to house their processors, including the paired chipset that the processor was implemented to interact with. Just ensure that you check this specification before you make a purchase. If you have any questions, you can refer to the OEM or re-seller of that product.

Another important aspect that motherboards determine are the memory modules. Gaming computers require a large amount of RAM to help process data as quickly as possible. This can be figured by the amount of slots a gaming motherboard is equipped with, including each slots capacity and overall maximum capacity. This will also help you establish the type, speed (frequency), and an appropriate bandwidth, specifically relating to the operating frequency of the FSB. There are nice combinations for motherboards and memory modules featured on various sites across the web, its just a matter of deciding which set is right for you, thats if you go with this option, though we do recommend purchasing each component individually.

You may think that the video cards are the most relevant to this selection process, but they actually don’t require you to select a specific card, unless you are considering multiple video cards. If you are going to install more than one video card, then you need to check the compatibility of that specific card and if it is SLI (Nvidia chipset) or CrossFire (AMD chipset) ready. These two technologies allow motherboards to recognize any additional graphic cards, which allows them to operate simultaneously. This is especially important for gaming computers, as vivid graphic quality is a tendency for these systems.

Your games obviously need a place to be stored and accessed as well, especially in fast paced environments. Gaming computers usually have a fast hard drive equipped, which requires that the disk controller on the motherboard complies with the SATA 2.0 standard at least, seeing how SATA 3.0 was recently introduced into the market. Majority of gaming motherboards and associated devices support the 2.0 standard, which is what we suggest you purchase regarding this specification. If you are considering a RAID setup, ensure that there are enough SATA interface connectors located on the motherboard.

Just to note, there is one more type of storage drive that is drawing considerable attention. Solid State drives are newer storage devices using a flash based memory, replacing any moving mechanisms that existed in previous devices, hard drives being a perfect example. The price is higher for these drives, but well worth it. If you can supply a gaming computer with this type of storage drive, then your system will load any form of program with ease, especially 3D games.

A few other important qualities not to bypass would be any additional peripherals, including 5+ USBs, 1-2 Firewire, built-in LAN connector, display ports, etc. Plus, since gaming computers typically need every last bit of performance, overclocking your processor should be taken seriously, in some instances. This can be done by manipulating the system BIOs, usually most gaming motherboards allow this behavior, in which changing the CPUs current voltage and adjusting the system bus to a faster operating frequency is a common practice.

When it comes to integrated components, do not waste your time with on-board video and sound controllers, as purchasing separate video cards and a sound card will provide your gaming computer with more clarity and enjoyment when encountering various scenes throughout the games you experience.

Well we are ending this short article after summarizing a few major details pertaining to qualities based off of the best gaming motherboards, though you can find more details about gaming motherboards on our best gaming motherboards page. For further discussions and articles about the best gaming computers configurations and hardware part specifications, you can refer to our home page at your leisure.

Chris Jones is an authoritative source for information pertaining to gaming computers and hardware configurations. For an abundant amount of resources about this criteria, visit http://iGamingComputer.com

Chris Jones Copyright © 2010 – You may redistribute this article if all links and content remain intact.

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Upgrading the memory in your computer or laptop is one of the

easiest and most cost-effective ways of improving your computer’s

performance. Still many computer owners shy away from any memory

upgrade for a number of reasons: lack of knowledge, warranty issues,

fear of ruining their computers, compatibility concerns, or just an

innate feeling that the inside of their computer is just some alien

territory they must never venture.

Like a lot of things in life, a computer memory upgrade seems

more complicated than it actually is. Most of the apprehension

comes from a lack of knowledge. Let’s face it, the average computer

user may only have a vague idea about RAM, Motherboards, Graphics

Cards and the like.

They know their computer works when they turn it on and that’s all

that really matters to them. However, what most people don’t realize is

that with a little investment of time and a few dollars, they can make

their computer work better and faster. It’s an investment that will

quickly pay for itself; not only will you save time when doing your

daily computer chores, but the overall enjoyment of your computer or

laptop will greatly increase.

It’s best to tackle this problem or task with some good information

concerning all the factors involved in the upgrading of your computer’s

memory. Let’s start with the basics and work from there.

Get Out Of Jail Free Card!

(*Shortcut! Don’t have the time or desire to read all the ‘ins and

outs’ of a RAM or memory upgrade but still want to upgrade your

system. Go to the author’s resource box below and click the link.

It will take you to a page where you can find a Memory Advisor tool

which can scan your system and tell you which memory upgrades are

possible with your particular computer or laptop.)

First Step: Know Your RAM

RAM or random access memory. This is what the computer uses to run

applications and data on your computer. You need it to run your

computer’s OS operating system, your need it for handling graphics,

files, web-browsing, e-mail and multi-tasking. RAM is vital to the

operation of your computer. As a general rule, the higher the amount

of RAM you have, the faster your computer will work or run.

To complicate things somewhat, there are many types of RAM. The type

of RAM in your computer or laptop may depend on the year it was

made.

From mid-2004 a lot of the computers have DDR2 (double data rate,

second generation) SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM). Before that time

many computers had DDR (double data rate, first generation) SDRAM.

Most older systems use SDR (single data rate) SDRAM, fast page mode

(FPM), or extended data out (EDO).

To complicate things even further, most of the types of RAM comes

in different speeds!

DDR2 SDRAM is a new standard that can boost conventional SDRAM

memory up to speeds well over 200MHz and beyond. For example, the

new IBM ThinkPad T43, thanks to the Sonoma Chipset or platform has

533MHz DDR 2 SDRAM.

This is much better than standard SDRAM which tops out around 150-166MHz

and DDR SDRAM which starts at 200MHz and goes up to around 400MHz.

Keep in mind, DRAM means Dynamic Random Access Memory and SDRAM means

Synchronous Dynamic RAM.

And to really confuse you, having a faster RAM speed does not (by itself)

make your computer go faster, you must upgrade or increase the AMOUNT of

RAM in your computer system to increase performance. Also keep in mind

your computer was made to accept a specific memory speed and there’s no

benefit from going beyond that limit.

It’s usually recommended that you get the fastest speeds for your

system, this will permit for better compatibility and make it easier

for future upgrades.

Second Step: Know Your Machine

Without a doubt, compatibility is the most important factor in

buying a memory upgrade for your laptop or computer. It’s essential

that any upgrade be compatible with your computer or machine, i.e.

otherwise it just won’t work.

Therefore, you have to know the amount and kind of RAM you have

in your computer or laptop. The best way to find this is to check

your owner’s manual. It should tell you the type of RAM your system

is using, it should also tell you the maximum amount of RAM your

system can take.

Obviously, an easy way to make sure you don’t exceed the maximum

memory on your computer, just subtract your current memory from

the allowed limit listed in your system specifications. For instance,

if your computer takes a maximum of 512MB of RAM and you have 256MB

installed, then you can upgrade to an additional 256MB of RAM

(512MB – 256MB = 256MB).

You should also be aware that DDR is not backward/forward-compatible,

which means that if you’re upgrading a computer that doesn’t have

DDR technology, it won’t take a DDR upgrade.

Likewise, DDR2 is not backward-compatible, which means if your system

doesn’t have DDR2 technology, it won’t accept a DDR2 upgrade.

So check your system very carefully and see what kind of RAM it has and

the maximum amount of RAM it will take. You must also check to see if

your computer’s warranty will be null and void if you install the RAM

yourself! Some manufacturers actually seal your computer case and you

must have an authorized technician to install your RAM.

Third Step: How Much RAM Do You Need?

It’s generally agreed that you need at least 256MB for Windows XP and

Mac OS X. You will only need 128MB for other operating systems in Windows

or Mac. Most general office work and heavy multi-tasking may need 512MB of

RAM. Gamers or Professional Graphic workers usually need the most RAM –

up to 2GB or more of RAM.

Please note, installing a faster speed RAM (as noted earlier) will not

increase the speed of your computer or laptop. The only way to increase

the speed of your computer is to increase the AMOUNT of RAM you have

in your system. Going from 256MB of RAM to 512MB of RAM will speed up

your computer. Going to 2GB of RAM will make it go even faster. Benchmark

testing has shown that you can get from 28% up to 43% increase in

performance, depending on the amount of RAM increase.

However, there’s always a spoiler, other parts of your computer must be

able to handle this increase. Your computer will only go as fast as your

slowest link. In other words, you may have to upgrade other elements in

your computer to receive the benefits of a memory upgrade. Make sure you

check this factor first before your make your memory upgrade. Otherwise,

you may just be wasting your time and money.

Another consideration is the Memory of your Video or Graphics Card

in your system. The amount of VRAM is the major factor in your display’s

resolution and color depth. A faster and more powerful upgrade in your

Graphics Card will give you increased performance especially for handling

graphics and videos, as in 3D Gaming.

Fourth Step; Ordering Your RAM

There are over 110,000 different memory upgrades you can choose from!

There are many places to order your RAM, from your local computer store

to online sites. If you’re ordering online, one the most highly rated

sites is Crucial.com – these people are memory experts and know their

memory! They are a part of Micron, one of the largest DRAM makers

in the world.

Perhaps, what’s more important, Crucial has very high consumer

satisfaction ratings from other third party rating sites. This gives

you an unbiased recommendation or indication that the service and

product is top-notch. Even more important, they have the

Crucial Memory Advisor(TM) tool which will scan your computer system

and tell you what memory upgrades are available. They also back

up their products with a lifetime warranty.

Some other thing to keep in mind when ordering your RAM. Many desktop

systems or computers use what’s called “non-parity” memory which

means it does not need ECC (error correction code) or “parity”

modules.

Registered, buffered, and unbuffered are other terms that

will come up — they refer to how a certain memory module

processes signals. Usually, most PC systems take unbuffered

RAM and rely on the motherboard controller to help process

memory. Registered RAM is used mostly in servers.

Fifth Step: Installing Your New Memory or RAM

If you order your RAM online, you will receive your RAM module in

an anti-static bag, along with detailed instructions on how to install

your RAM. On modern system boards, RAM is installed on SIMM or DIMM

modules (SODIMM in notebooks).

One of the most important things to do when installing RAM or working

with your Computer is to ‘Ground Yourself’ to make sure you

don’t ‘Shock’ your computer with static electricity. You can take

some simple precautions to prevent this from happening. If you have

wrist straps designed to prevent shocks, you need to wear them.

If you don’t have wrist straps, here’s a simple way to

ground yourself:

You should turn off your computer, monitor, plus all accessories

(speakers, printer, scanner). Unplug your computer and any

accessories. Then quickly touch an unpainted part of your computer

case and keep your feet planted in one position while installing

your RAM. If you walk around, repeat the process above before you

touch any internal parts of your laptop or computer.

Open up the back of your computer or laptop. Depending on your model,

you may need a screwdriver. If you have a laptop or notebook, the memory

slots are sometimes located under the keyboards. Most times, it’s in the

back of your laptop; check your manual for the location of your laptop’s

memory.

Depending on your upgrade, you may have to replace your RAM module with

the New one, in other cases, you will be adding any extra module or

two. Follow the specific directions that come with your RAM upgrade; installing the RAM is only a matter of a Push and a snap! Your RAM

upgrade will snap into their memory slots without too much difficulty.

Before you close the case, turn your computer or laptop on to see if

your new RAM is installed. You will see it on the startup screens or

you can easily check it by going into ‘My Computer’ under properties, if you’re using Windows.

Basically, this is how to do your own computer or laptop memory

upgrade. There may be other elements or aspects you might want

to check out before installing your new RAM but follow the guidelines

above and the detailed instructions that come with your RAM module or

modules and you should be OK.

If you have any trouble, click the link in the resource box below. They

have extensive detailed guides that you can follow. If may be a good

idea to check out these guides first, before you order your memory, to

see the kind of procedure you will have to do to install your RAM.

Realizing how simple this procedure is may relieve some of your initial

fears concerning a memory upgrade for your system.

This site also has ‘live’ help where you can chat to Expert Memory

Technicians if you are still having problems.

—————
For more information on a computer or laptop memory upgrade Click Here: Laptop Memory Upgrade Get a few Free Internet Marketing Tools. Titus Hoskins Copyright © 2006.
This article may be freely distributed if this resource box stays attached.

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You feel confident enough with the other Windows versions that you are now thinking of tackling Server 2003. The idea can be a little intimidating, but it is not as bad as you think. This is a basic tutorial on the different modules available in Windows Server 2003. Depending on how you are planning on using the server, that will determine the hardware requirements of the machine. Just because this is a “server”, you do not need to spend over $5,000 on the machine. That is a very big misconception. My recommendations for minimum requirements are as follows:

- Motherboard With Onboard Video/Sound/Lan

- 1 GB Of Memory

- P4 3.0 Ghz or Athlon 64 3200+

- 160GB SATA Hard Drive

- DVD-RW

- An External Backup Device (i.e USB Hard Drive or Tape Drive)

Server 2003 loads the same way XP does. Set the bios to boot from the CD/DVD drive, pop the disk in and follow the instructions. Once it is fully installed and loaded you will be taken to the “Manage Your Server” screen. On this screen you can enable and configure the following options:

- File server

- enabled by default. Basically allows folders to be shared from the server

- SharePoint Services

- Creates a web where users can share information

- Print Server

- A printer installed directly to the server will act as a network printer

- Application Server

- Turn you server into a web server as well as FTP host

- Mail Server – Kinda useless unless you have exchange installed

- Terminal Server

- Lets users login directly to the server to run applications

- Remote Access/VPN Server

- Connect to the server remotely via VPN

- Domain Controller (Active Directory)

- Server controls policies for the entire network domain

- DNS Server

- Controls name to IP address resolution

- DHCP Server

- Assignees IP addresses to DHCP clients

- Streaming Media Server

- Streams video content over the web

- WINS Server

- Older name to IP address resolution method.

Whatever your needs are will determine which of these options get enabled and configured. In this article we are going to briefly touch on Terminal Server, Remote Access, Domain Controller w/Active Directory and DNS Server. I will get into further details about all of them in future articles.

Terminal Server: As mentioned earlier Terminal Server allows users to login to the server to run applications installed on the server. Besides enabling Terminal Server you will also need a Terminal License Server. This is where the licenses, to user Terminal Server, are installed. Depending on the amount of licenses you have that will determine how many users can login. Terminal Server and Terminal License Server can both be on one machine. To enable the licensing server go to control panel -> add/remove programs -> add/remove windows components -> select “Terminal Server Licensing” and install.

To login to the server from a workstation you can use Remote Desktop which is built directly into Windows XP and Vista. To find remote desktop click start -> all programs -> accessories -> communications -> remote desktop. When remote desktop appears enter in the server name or IP address to connect.

Remote Access/VPN: Virtual Private Networking gives you the ability to remotely connect to your server and share it resources. The server will assign you an IP address either from its DHCP pool or you can manually enter a range of IP addresses the server will hand out to its remote clients. Once connected the next step will be establishing a connection to the server’s shared resources. To do this click start -> run -> and type in server name orserver IP Address (replace with your server’s name or IP address) if everything is configured correctly your server’s shares will appear.

Domain Controller: Setting your server as a Domain Controller means you can control network policy through your server. If all the workstations are on the server’s domain, through group and/or domain policy you can restrict user’s movements. Control where they are allowed to go and what they are able to change. With the Domain Controller comes the Active Directory. In the Active Directory you can add network/server users, view/configure domain controllers and domain workstations. This is where you assign users their privileges and whether they can login to the server via Terminal Services.

DNS Server: As stated DNS resolves IP addresses to easier to remember names. Lets say your server’s IP address is 192.168.1.2 and its name is PCServer. DNS allows you to search using PCServer instead of remembering 192.168.1.2. Out of all the modules this is the one that is most confusing in setting up properly.

This was a very basic introduction to some of the modules available in Windows Server 2003. In future articles I will be going into further details about each one.

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You should now install your memory modules. You need to make sure you have the right kind of memory for your motherboard, but you should have taken care of this already.

On older machines, there are a few installation guidelines to follow. The memory banks will be outlined in your manual. On most machines you will find SD ram memory modules(168)pin, DDR double data rate memory modules (184)pin or DDR2 double data rate memory modules (240)pin.

Most systems use 168-pin SDRAM or memory of newer formats such as DDR/DDDR2. On these systems, memory can be installed in just about any combination and can even be installed stand alone. So, this is the good news for those of you using modern technology. The only memory placement you will need to concern yourself with is single or dual mode. Newer motherboards have four slots for memory. The fist two slots are referred to as slots A and the second two slots B. If you plan to install two sticks of memory the best configuration would be one stick in slot A and one stick in slot B. If you get lost refer to your owner’s manual. The manufacturers are great about visual guides to assist.

Let’s get on with it:

1. Decide which slots you are going to use and orient the memory module over it. The module will be keyed in such a way that it will only go in the correct way. So, find the small notch or notches in the memory slot and align the module so that that notch will be inserted into the gap in the module itself. Easy.

2. Install the Module. With SD (168-pin), you need to look for two notches. The force need to insert this module is minor. DO NOT FORCE IT. If it doesn’t slide in with minimal effort then back away and try again. You can compare it to the force of turning your cars ignition.

Lock the module in place. Obviously, memory doesn’t just sit in the motherboard. When it is module is inserted correctly, you should see the little plastic or metal clips snap into place, thereby holding the module in place.

3. Done. Now just repeat these steps for each of your memory modules. When you are done, double-check your work. Shinning a flashlight on to your work area may also help with verifying memory module alignment.

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Computer may have many types of memory problem as it is one of the most important factors in the functioning of the computer. All the data necessary for the operation of the computer is stored in the memory slots. It is always difficult to detect a memory problem if there is no error message displayed by windows. A memory problem can be caused due a physical problem with the computer or sometimes due to improper maintenance and not clearing the old files leading to a stage where windows starts memory dump.

A problem with the memory of the computer can make it crash and give some serious errors and blue screens. Sometimes the system fails to recognize the installed memory. Severe memory problems can be found quickly as the BIOS checks the system memory before booting the computer. If there is a serious error; the computer will just have a blank screen and an unbootable computer. The problems could lie on the memory but there is a higher chance that your registry is the main cause of the memory dump. If there is a corrupted data, there is a high chance that you memory stop responding which causes a blue screen to appear that says beginning of physical memory dump. This can cause the computer memory module to fail. Some effects of this are missing or scrambled data, system crashing very frequently and sometimes reboots all on its own. Registry files and system files could be lost because of this which makes the windows to dump the memory of the RAM to a file. Memory dump is useful as it stores the data and details about the crash and can be useful in analyzing what made the system to crash.

There is hardly anything which can be done if there is a computer memory problem other than changing the physical part which is damaged and try to fix it with registry cleaner.

So things which can be done to prevent computer memory problems are buying memory devices of good quality, not mixing the memory modules of different manufacturers, keeping the computer in good environment which is free from dust, humidity and extreme heat which can damage the computer’s physical components. Keep the computer safe from power fluctuations by providing power backup. Spending little time for maintenance of the computer can do a lot of good which will include performance and trouble free computer.

Registry cleaner is a much better option because it is free to download. You can scan for free to see if the actual problems lie on your system registry. You will need to purchase it to fix the problems, which is a better choice since memory is more expensive than the software. The other advantage is that you can maintain your registry to prevent the memory problem to occur in the future.

I bet you are thinking that the second option is more sensible and smart move. If you do not want to see a blue screen of death or a message that says beginning of physical memory dump, check out computer memory problem for further information.

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Controller

A computer system contains a first and second memory controllers; a first and second computer memory associated with the first and second memory controllers, a memory space; and firmware under control of which the computer system generates data that enables the first memory controller to use the first computer memory, saveing the data in the memory space, copies the data to the first memory controller, causing the first memory controller to use the first computer memory, and uses the first computer memory to initialize the second memory controller to use the second computer memory.

Reset

The computer firmware initiates a reset after saving the data; the computer system determines whether a current reset is firmware initiated; if the current reset is firmware initiated, the computer system copies the data to the first memory controller having the first memory controller to use the first computer memory, and uses the first computer memory to initialize the second memory controller to use the second computer memory; and if the current reset is not firmware initiated, the computer system generates the data that enables the first memory controller to use the first computer memory, and saves the configuration data in the memory space. Determining how much physical computer memory is present and useable, the memory controller uses the computer memory. To do so, it gathers type, size, speed and memory attributes from the memory modules and programs the memory controller accordingly. Once the memory controller has been configured, It will program a setting in the memory controller that triggers the memory controller to initialize the memory modules. Therefore, the complete configuration information is formatted and assembled, but not yet programmed into the memory. In this manner, it configures information with “virtual” registers having a one-to-one correspondence with the actual registers that are in the memory controller.

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RAMBUS DEBUTS RIMM 4200 HIGH-BANDWIDTH PC MEMORY MODULE.: An article from: Electro Manufacturing : This digital document is an article from Electro Manufacturing, published by Worldwide Videotex on April 1, 2002. The length of the article is 560 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: RAMBUS DEBUTS RIMM 4200 HIGH-BANDWIDTH PC MEMORY MODULE.
Publication:Electro Manufacturing (Newsletter)
Date: April 1, 2002
Publisher: Worldwide Videotex
Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Page: NA

Distributed by Thomson Gale
RAMBUS DEBUTS RIMM 4200 HIGH-BANDWIDTH PC MEMORY MODULE.: An article from: Electro Manufacturing

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When buying a laptop, you need to consider factors beyond performance and weight. There are many additional things like screen dimensions, battery life, and keyboard and connection options which you have to think about.

Let’s look at some of the factors one should consider when buying a laptop.

1. Processor

One of the first things you need to consider in a laptop is the CPU. The latest laptop CPUs include Intel’s Core Duo and Core 2 Duo processors which outperform older single-core Intel processors (e.g. Pentium M). Other laptops use the AMD Athlon Turion 64 X2 dual-core processor – which is also a good performer. In general, however, if you’re looking for a laptop, I’d advise you to look for one with an Intel Core Duo processor. You can also read this guide to find out more.

2. System memory

The amount of RAM in the laptop is very important. If you’re not short of cash, my advice is to get at least 1GB of RAM – that is the minimum you need to get newer PC applications to run fast. Also remember that you can always add more memory to your existing laptop. You may be interested in this short guide on how to install new memory modules into a laptop.

3. Graphics memory

Laptop graphics are another feature you will want to consider. Typically, I’d say you should go for 128MB of dedicated video RAM. Also, ensure that the graphics memory is used solely for graphics use and not shared with the main memory. If you intend to play games on the laptop, then look for advanced 3D graphics chips with about 256MB to 512MB of dedicated graphics memory. Be prepared to fork out a lot more cash though.

4. Screen

You will also want to take a look at the laptop screen. Laptop screens have recently become bigger. Most of them have gone widescreen so you can watch movies or edit spreadsheets more comfortably.

If you intend to use the laptop from home a lot, then I’d go for a 17-inch wide screen. If you are more concerned about portability or if you travel a lot, then laptops with screen sizes of 12.1 or 13.3 inches might suit you better. There are also 14.1- or 15-inch screens for laptops, but I believe manufacturers are shifting away from these models.

5. Battery

Here’s another critical factor – laptop battery life. I personally find it very frustrating to have my notebook power run out after 15 minutes at Starbucks. What you need to do is to buy a laptop that has about 3.5 hours of battery life, running on a Core Duo or Core 2 Duo processor. Make sure you question the retailer on how long the battery can last – a short battery life is usually a deal breaker for me.

6. Keyboard and Pointing Device

Some people believe that the keyboard and pointing device on a laptop is important. If you have big fingers, you might be more comfortable typing on a larger notebook keyboard than a small one. Make sure you try the laptop out – get the feel of typing and navigation before you buy the laptop.

7. Optical drives

I’d usually recommend getting a laptop with a rewritable DVD drive as a minimum. One thing you need to know is that some laptops sacrifice a DVD drive in exchange for a lighter weight and portability. If you don’t think you need a DVD drive all the time, then you might want to get a model that doesn’t have one.

8. Hard drive

In the laptop hard drive department, what can I say? More is better. These days, you can get a notebook hard drives coming in sizes of 160GB or more. You can also get SATA hard drives if you have more cash.

9. Weight

Another thing to note is the weight of the laptop. Now, when you buy a laptop, always remember that the total weight includes the notebook AND the AC adapter, any external modules, and their cables. These can add up to quite a bit of weight.

10. Communications

These days, you will find that most laptops come with at least two USB 2.0 ports – I’d recommend that as a minimum. If you do a lot of video editing, then a FireWire (IEEE 1394) port also becomes essential.

You should also check for good network capabilities. Make sure your new laptop has built-in ethernet capability, a built-in wireless connection and also built-in Bluetooth (if you need to transfer data between your mobile phone and the laptop).

Some of the laptops also include card slots for removable media such as CompactFlash, Secure Digital and MultiMediaCard. If you take a lot of digital photos, then this feature might matter to you.

11. Laptop Shopping Tips

Whew! That sure is a long list of features to consider when buying a laptop. In addition to understanding the features, there are three important laptop shopping tips you should bear in mind.

Tip #1: How will you use the laptop? One of the problems when you buy a laptop is that you pay for features you don’t really need. One of the best ways to avoid paying too much is to consider how you will use the laptop. If it is mostly for word processing, then settle for a cheaper machine. If it is for gaming, then you need a more powerful one.

Tip #2: Think of features you will not compromise You should also be aware that there are some basic features in a laptop you should NOT sacrifice. For example, for me, if I were buying a laptop, I’d choose (as a minimum) – an Intel Core Duo or Core 2 Duo processor, 2GB of RAM, 160GB of hard drive, a very small screen size and a super long lasting battery. Your list of critical feature may vary.

Tip #3: Remember you can pick and choose Most vendors will let you custom-build your own laptop. This is a good thing, because you can just pick those features you need and not pay any extra. You can easily purchase a faster notebook by accepting a smaller hard drive or DVD drive, for example.

Conclusion

I hope this article has shown you that ins and outs of buying a laptop. Remember, a laptop is an expensive device. It will also be something you bring along anywhere you go. Hence, it is critical that you do proper research and find the correct laptop to suit your needs. Remember the above tips the next time you’re in the market for a laptop, and happy shopping!

Gary Hendricks runs a website about laptops. Visit his website at Best-Laptop-Guide.com to learn more about selecting the best laptops and accessories to suit your needs.

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Upgrading computer memory involves increasing the RAM of your computer, so the first thing you have to figure out is the type of RAM the system uses, how it’s configured, and how many RAM slots you have available. A memory upgrade usually requires that you first check the computer’s user manual, or the manual for the motherboard. Find out if the memory is parity or non-parity. You can also check the website of your computer to find out the memory you need for computer memory upgrades.

Now, find out what the speed of the PC memory is. When dealing with computer memory, you have to know this information. Next, does your computer use single in-line memory modules (SIMMs) or dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs)? When conducting an upgrade, it’s also key to figure out if the computer uses regular, FPM, EDO, or Synch DRAM. How many pins are on the motherboard? 30, 72, or 168?

Computer memory upgrades require that you remove the cover from the computer so that you can determine the number of open RAM slots available. See if you can find between two and eight parallel sockets of the same size on the main circuit board. In most cases a minimum of two sockets contain RAM memory. You’ll recognize RAM because it looks like ruler-shaped circuit boards with chips on one or both sides.

Buy more memory to match the specifications you currently have for your computer. There are plenty of guides online that will give you the detailed ins and outs of how to install the RAM memory specifically – it’s not very difficult and almost anyone can do it if they learn how. There’s no point in purchasing a whole new computer if all you have to do is carry out a computer memory upgrade. Also, if you don’t want to do this all on your own it’s possible to hire a computer expert to make the installation for you.

Take note that in most cases you have to install SIMMS in pairs.

A great tip is that you can check how much PC memory you have installed in your computer currently, before carrying out upgrades, by checking your My Computer properties in Windows, or selecting About This Macintosh from the Apple menu (depending on which computer system you own).

Installing new computer memory is different when it comes to laptop memory for one main reason – with laptop memory you can’t open the computer yourself, so you’ll have to have the upgrade installed by a professional or purchase a new computer. Notebook memory and desktop memory differ in this way. Again, notebook memory is inaccessible to the general public, while desktop memory can be installed by anyone with a basic knowledge of computers.

However you carry out these upgrades, make sure you know what you’re doing beforehand. If you can’t complete the process independently, consider having the memory installed by someone with more experience with computers.

To learn more about Upgrading Computer Memory, check out the Free Consumer Review Web Site.

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