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Various Formats

Newer players are being developed with different configurations, and present day DVD players are compatible with more than one format, like regular CDs, MP3, CDRW, and so on.

High-definition units, DVD/VCR combos, DVD recorders, portable players, you name it and the big players have a model ideally suited to meet your needs and purse. The only problem you will face while in the market is to make a choice! It is a really daunting task with such a huge variety being offered.

Most of the leading brands operate globally with their presence spanning countries like the U.S., Canada, Italy, Spain, France, UK, Greece, you name it. Big brands like Sony, Philips, Panasonic, Samsung or even some lesser known brands like Cyber Home and Apex have a significant global presence. This being the scenario, you can easily shop for the latest code free DVD player with your neighborhood electronic store.

Code Free DVD Players are Priced According to Location and Features

Basic region free DVD players would set you back by around $60 or so. Prices may vary even within states and various countries, depending on the tax structure and market availability. A player may for example cost you less in New York when compared to some other region such as California. A basic player will give you good picture quality and comes with a remote control and on-screen control. Having said this, features could vary from one manufacturer to another. For prices less than $80 they make for great buys, unless you are a technical guru, looking for something straight out of the sci-fi movie, which you watched in your basic DVD player!

A basic player with a high quality S-video cable may be priced at around $100 . The S-video cable enables better picture quality. One good thing with the latest basic model is that most of the players now come with the most up-to-date features, which could be found only in higher end models just a couple of years ago.

If you are willing to shell out more than about $100 you can get models that can handle DVD-R discs, or players than can also handle hi-fi DVD-audio format. They can double up as your music center along with your home theater system. Such players could cost you around $130. The Toshiba SD – 3950 is a good example of a model in this price range.

Scan Type for a Code Free DVD Player

One thing to watch for in a codefree dvd player is the scan type. Check out whether it is offering progressive scan or interlace scan. A player with progressive scan would offer you a much sharper picture. It also reduces flickers. Basic players in the price range of $50 – $100 often come with interlace scan option only. Once you go $100 and upwards, you will see players offering progressive scan. Picture quality is great, enabling you to watch the latest Hollywood flicks – without flickering! Also, a code free DVD player with the progressive scan option will work only if your TV supports progressive scan. You need not worry though, since most of the modern day TVs support progressive scan technology unless you have one of those antique TVs with cathode ray technology.

If you have a high-definition TV, then it will make for a great combo along with a codefree DVD player offering progressive scan. A hi fi TV will ensure truer picture quality. You can also get even better picture quality with a digital video interface connection. Pricing for a high-end DVD player with digital video interface can be around $300. Good examples are the Samsung DVD – HD931, or even the latest Toshiba SD-3950, which both offer great picture quality. Such models can also offer advanced music playback since they can also handle DVD audio discs.

Code Free DVD/VHS Combos

If you are looking for a regionfree DVD/VHS combo you will have to shell out around $200 – $250. The price may seem steep, but remember, they offer you the best of both worlds. You can now enjoy both region free DVDs and VHS tapes. The VHS tapes translate into better pictures than in the case of a regular VCR. These players also allow you to record your TV shows for example, into VHS format.

Most of the basic regionfree DVD players are not able to record shows from TV, whereas the higher models can. These players will be priced anywhere from $350 – $800. Sony’s RDR-GX7 is a good example. Lesser-known brands may cost you less while offering you the same technology. The good news though is that prices are expected to drop, even if it is only gradually.

Convenient for Travel

If you are one who is usually mobile and would like to watch your latest favorite flicks wherever you are, you can get a portable region free DVD player, which would weigh in at around three pounds, with a battery back up and come with a 7-9 inch screen.. These sleek models would cost you around $800 and act as your audio player too. Panasonic DVD-LA95 portable is one of the latest models to hit the market. Be on the lookout for other brands with portable models soon.

Most Affordable Brands

Perhaps the cheapest regionfree DVD players are from the Chinese manufacturers, which have flooded the markets, recently. Whichever part of the world you are in, region free DVD players, are available by the dozen. The prices may vary slightly, but that’s it.

Whether you are in any of the European countries like UK, France, Greece, Spain or Italy or from any other Asian or Asian-Pacific nation, you can rest assured that you will be able to get a region free DVD player within your budget. All you need to do is search, either in person or on the Internet.

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DVDs have become the most preferred mode of storing data today. DVD recorders have become almost as common as VCRs and CD recorders. This is because of their high reliability, advanced options and lowered prices.

DVD recorders are compatible with most recording formats, including VHS tapes, CDs, and all formats such as DVD-R (write-once), DVD- RW (re-writable format of DVD-R), DVD+R (write once), DVD+RW (re-writable format of DVD+R), DVD-RAM (re-writable with random access capability ), MP3 and JPEG.

DVD recorders combined with VHS recorders are one of the most preferred options today because most people have movies or home videos stored on video tapes. DVD-VHS recorder combos allow the conversion of VHS tapes to DVDs. Sansui and Sears were one of the first manufacturers of these DVD VHS recorder combos. LG, Samsung Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Sharp, Toshiba and Sony are some of the other top manufacturers of DVD-VHS recorders. Prices of these recorders start at $400 and go up to $800 or more, depending on the options available. There are also some cheaper models available at around $200-$300.

DVD-VHS recorders can easily transfer any kind of movies from VHS cassettes to DVDs or from DVDs to VHS cassettes. They also have playback, deletion and high-dubbing options. These recorders can be connected to the TV with any video connection, such as the S-Video and component/progressive video. In some recorders, users can also view both the DVD and VHS movies simultaneously without changing connections. The quality of the audio and video can also be improved. Other options include progressive scan, one-touch copy of VHS to DVD or DVD to VHS, personalized audio preferences, ability to skip some parts of the movie, surround sound capabilities, analog and Firewire AV inputs, video processing for enhancing image quality, flexibility in recording and playing, more disk space of 80GB, 160GB or more and many others.

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Toshiba laptops, like any other laptop, will be covered by the manufacturers warranty for a specific period. After that, users are often given the choice of opting for extended warranties of one or more years. This will cover all the Toshiba laptop service requirements of the owner.

However, extended warranties for Toshiba service, or for that matter extended warranties for most laptops, may not come very cheap. As a result it may not be the choice of everyone. Those, who opt not to buy fresh warranties after the expiry of the original one, will have to manage some of the problems themselves, or get the help of Toshiba laptop service providers who have expertise in handling that brand.

In both instances, the user should have some basic knowledge of problems encountered while using Toshiba laptops and about getting spare parts when replacement is needed. With Toshiba, the system may sometimes shut down without any apparent reasons, especially while playing games or while using graphic heavy software like 3D Studio or Maya. This is often attributed to overheating. Cleaning or replacing the cooling fan could often rectify the problem. The user can do it them self or get the help of Toshiba laptop service providers to get it done.

Whether the user is doing it them self or getting outside help, when replacing a Toshiba laptop component, it is important that the correct number of the damaged part is available. Each and every part and cable of Toshiba laptop will have its own unique number. It is generally something like K00004210 – with one capital letter followed by four or five zeros and then four digits. It will be marked on that component itself or will be on a sticker attached to it. Even if the sticker has been lost, Toshiba service providers are generally able to identify the part number.

There are several online users forums that cater to people. Toshiba laptop service requirements, and they also help in identifying various part numbers. If the owner can provide the model name and model number of their Toshiba laptop, the accurate part number will be provided to him. The necessary model number will be available at the bottom of the laptop.

With Toshiba, for part replacement, or other forms of Toshiba service, it is important to provide both the series number and the model number. The series number will be something like 5105-5702 and model number will be something like PSS11U-02WYJJ. The series number is generally given at the top and the model number below it. While with certain vendors like Samsung, Acer, Apple etc., only series number is necessary for getting replacement parts, Toshiba requires both.

Another problem found in Toshiba, that might necessitate Toshiba laptop service, is the connection between the power jack and the motherboard getting loose. This will interfere with the power supply and the machine might switch to battery mode even when it is connected to an electrical power source. The user will need to solder the connection himself or rely on a Toshiba service provider to get it done.

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There are numerous portable DVD players in the market. The major companies in this industry are Panasonic, Sony, Toshiba, Philips, Samsung, Coby, and GoVideo. These companies largely cater to the high-priced segment of the market, though they also have models that come under the cheap portable DVD players segment. The lower-priced segment is dominated by models from Mustek, Coby, Astar, CyberHome, and Audiovox.

Currently, the most popular and fast-moving models are the Panasonic DVD LS-90, Philips PET 1000/37, Sony DVP-FX705, Coby TF-DVD500, GoVideo DP7240, and the Samsung DVD-L1200. A few models are compared below.

The Panasonic DVD LS-90 has a wide nine-inch screen that makes the viewing experience even better. But it’s pricey at around $400. The battery provides an impressive six hours. The player can double up for the home. The Philips PET 1000/37 has a sleek look, black finish, and a high resolution 10.2″ LCD screen. The battery life at two and one-half hours compares with the industry average.

With its chic look, the Sony DVP-FX705 comes with the usual style that characterizes Sony products. This model has a seven-inch screen and allows up to three hours of continuous viewing. It’s light weight at one and one-half pounds without the battery and supports most media formats. The Samsung DVD-L1200 is heavier at 3.3 pounds but provides a wonderful viewing experience with a twelve-inch LCD screen. The model is skinny, yet allows three-way sharing. A host of additional features makes this a top model among portable DVD players.

The GoVideo and Coby models are in the lower- to medium-price category of $150 to $250. However, the former has a wider screen at seven inches compared to Coby’s three and one-half inches. Both have comparable features except that the Coby model has a small form factor while the GoVideo model has the conventional sleek black finish.

While comparing portable DVD players assists in making an informed buying decision, the key for a buyer would be to prioritize the features in relation to their prices since better and more features come at increasingly higher prices.

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If you’re looking for a good multimedia laptop that will provide you with unlimited entertainment, then check out Toshiba Satellite A500 discounts to get a good deal on the A500 model. It’s very popular with students and other consumers who are into gaming, music, and high definition videos. With its 16″ TruBrite display and 1366×768 pixel resolution, this laptop will provide you with a crystal clear view of videos and images.

The computer is equipped with at least 3 GB of memory (you can upgrade to 8 GB if you wish) will run all of your programs smoothly and quickly. You will be able to multitask with ease. Since upgrading to more than the standard amount of RAM can be very costly these days, you need to look for Toshiba Satellite A500 coupons before placing your order.

Here is some more of what you can expect:

· Intel Core 2 Duo Processor

· Up to 500 GB HDD

· ATI Mobility Radeon HD GPU w/ up to 1 GB DDR3 VRAM

· HDMI ports for external display connectivity

· DVD SuperMulti drive

· Harman Kardon speakers

· 5-in-1 Bridge Media

· WLAN and Bluetooth 2.1

· Battery life of 3 – 4 hours

While the battery life doesn’t seem all that impressive, keep in mind that the majority of consumers buy this model as an alternative to a desktop and not as a mobile device. Most people buy this laptop for home use and therefore keep the power cord plugged in most of the time. However, it you do need to take it with you for short trips, you shouldn’t have any problems. It’s heavy, but not too heavy, and comes with everything needed for wireless internet.

The best place to shop for Toshiba products is online, where you will find Toshiba Satellite A500 discount offers and bargains. Just keep an eye out for expiration dates, since online deals don’t last forever. They are also subject to change without notice, so make sure the offer is valid when processing your order.

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The Toshiba 32AV615DB is a prime example of how in today’s competitive television market you can still find quality at an attractive price. With a clear, bright 32 inch LCD screen, three HDMI slots, and Active Vision – Toshiba‘s high performance image processing technology – it offers the best of today’s technology in one package. It also comes equipped with Freeview, a popular free programming service offered in the U. K. With over 50 channels and no subscription required.

HDMI is a rising trend in television technology, with many newer model TV’s now being equipped with slots for a high definition viewing experience. The Toshiba‘s three HDMI slots allow for multiple HD sources to be hooked up at one time, such as game consoles, computers, and DVD players, allowing viewers a more definitive viewing experience. Additional inputs include S-Video and VGA, so you can attach a laptop or even a computer monitor if need be.

The Dynamic Contrast feature auto adjusts the LCD screen’s backlight, allowing for richer depth in picture quality by balancing out bright and dark tones with vibrant detail. This enables the screen to adjust tone in a more effective way and look more natural. Active Vision enhances the Toshiba‘s images by advancing the core elements inside to shrink pixels in order to add more, for better clarity and image quality.

The Toshiba 32AV615DB comes in a simple and modern yet sleek black design so that the eye is drawn to the picture and not distracted. Framed by slim yet powerful integrated speakers, its digital noise reduction provides crystal clear sound, a bass boost system and 20 watts of power output. Additional audio inputs are provided so external surround sound systems can be attached, and a 3. 5mm mini jack is also built in for those who prefer headphones.

The resolution is a sharp 720p, and will support both 720p format as well as 1080i interlaced format. Color banding in old televisions always posed a problem in the past, but now with 720p there is reduced banding to make for an improved color tone. This reduces jagged lines, static, and any other interference that is normally associated with broadcasting.

A digital tuner is built in so digital signals are automatically received and there are no extra boxes to worry about. This is important, as today’s technology demands have done away with analog signals and required that just about all televisions now be digital.

Mounting options include standing or wall mounting. A tabletop stand is included for mounting the Toshiba 32AV615DB on an entertainment center, and wall mounting is easy as well, with the Toshiba weighing in at 18kg. An on/off timer and audio description for the hearing impaired are also featured.

With so many new TV’s being marketed every year it makes buying one an extensive project. Each year there are newer and better electronics being created and it’s hard to keep up with the competition. It’s nice to be able to have all the latest features you need in one attractive package, and the Toshiba 32AV615DB provides that.

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Hello and welcome..

Today we are going to discuss the screen display system on any Toshiba laptop.

All Toshiba laptop screens are housed within a shell that is the lid which on the majority of the model range is Plastic ABS. Some lids were made from cast aluminum (Some Porteges).

The screen though is mounted to the lid using a system of rails, these rails are mounted to the lid. There are many rails systems employed in Toshiba Laptops, and some are interchangeable with other laptops, notably the Toshiba Satellite Pro 6000, Satellite pro 4600, and the the Satellite Pro 2100/1400/2410/1410 Series Laptops as an example.

Screen rails are usually constructed of pressed steel to fit the profile for a given size of screen and to enable fixing to the base lid.

The rails are fixed usually by small screws although on some Toshiba laptops you may find that there are no rails actually fitted to the screen the lid becomes the sole mounting site for the screen.

The front bezel is made from plastic ABS, this is a flat plastic cover which conceals the rails, the screen inverter and protects the screen area from ingress and dust penetration. the bezel is moulded in such as way that it incorporates many snap lugs around the periphery of the bezel reducing the need for lots of fixing screws, the lugs will locate and lock the bezel into place. Some older machines used this combination of snap lugs and fixing screws (for example the Tecra S1 series laptops). Most modern Toshiba Laptops use the snap lug fixing method since it is cheaper to manufacture and also reduces weight and component count.

For machines that were tablets there was slight departure from the standard design because of the complexity of the touch screen and the extra weight that these extra components when assembled. With many tablets the design of the lid and the front bezel were different to accommodate the feature of rotating the screen through 360 degrees and the newer style of fold flat lids which when lifted up, and then rotated, enables the display facing upwards, resting on the profile of the main base.

The basic components of most screen display systems are,

The Screen
The Screen Connecting cable
The Invertor
The Base lid
The Hinge mechanism
The front bezel
Any wireless or Bluetooth cable systems
Lid latch and return spring assembly

I won’t discuss the exact technicalities of tablet screen systems because Toshiba did not really standardize between models so it does not merit any further discussion here.

We have already touched on some of the elements of the screen display such as the lid, the screen rails and the front bezel, I will now move on to the invertor and the other system components.

The invertor primarily functions as a lighting up circuit, its function is to supply energy to the cold cathode display tube that is manufactured at the bottom of the LCD display, this provides a back lighting system so that you can see each and every pixel being displayed on the screen without it the screen would remain dark. More modern machines have much more advanced electronics fitted into the design of the invertor, such as screen brightness settings, current overload, screen blanking, sleep adjustment and various other attributes of which includes bios control as well.

Some screens which are high definition are fitted with two invertors to increase the overall contrast and brightness of the screen and to distribute the power required by the screen tubes evenly. These are usually fitted to screens of size of 17″ or larger.

The screen connecting cable comes in four standard sizes, and is dependent on the capabilities of the screen fitted, its resolution and its overall size, the cable will supply all the control signals and power lines to the screen interface, detection of the screen type, and the actual display data to the user. The most common cable now found are the 30pin flat connector which is actually a very low current signal propagated at very high speed and then reflected back into the main system, commonly known as LVDS, we won’t discuss the technical details of this system its beyond the scope of this discussion.

The cable is connected at the other end to a graphics card switching circuit which enables the user via software or hardware detection to determine the default type of display device. If you plug in an external monitor some Toshiba laptops will default to displaying on the external monitor rather than on the LCD screen.

The hinge mechanism is an assembly that maintains the integrity of the base lid system and enables the user to adjust the screen position in on dimension, the criteria here is maintain an adequate force to hold the screen upright for extended periods of time and at the same being able to close the lid easily and without any notchiness or serious restrictions. The design on many Toshiba laptop hinge systems falls into three categories.

Lid and hinge integrated onto the palmrest
Lid and hinge detaches from the palmrest
Lid detaches form a fixed hinge system on the base

Most modern Toshiba machines now fall into second category, though I feel the first category was actually the most durable, this can be seen on the Toshiba Satellite Pro 2450, Toshiba Satellite A40, Toshiba Satellite Pro 4600.Most Toshiba laptop hinge systems comprises of a cast steel pin with an outer sleeve pressed onto the outside to create the friction necessary to force the screen to remain upright, the other end of the pin is then machined with a spline which then is force fitted to the hinge surround, the hinge surround can extend under the palmrest and is then fixed to the palmrest (as in the first category) or detachable as in the second category. The hinges also form part of the lid support system with a continuous bracket system extends to enable the lid to be mounted to the hinge assembly, cutting down excessive components and weight. The more modern systems comprise of a cast post material, inserted to the base system and then fixed from the back and the undersides with screws, the hinge itself is part of the cast post system and the spline is inserted into the cast post with tremendous force, the restrictor sleeve is then mounted to the lid frame, this is the more common in the second category. The third category is not much used these days except for very small light weight laptops where weight and size dictates the screen hinge components.

The lid latch system is a simple latching assembly pre tensioned by a small cylindrical spring, allowing self retraction of the screen lid locking jaw, these are usually a claw shaped plastic component that locks into the base system. Most Toshiba laptops have used many variations of this construction and its proven reliable, since all Toshiba lid plastics and hinges components are very accurately made, alignment is maintained even through excessive wear of the hinge system or accidental damage to the lid. This construction also reduces wear on the lid locking jaw itself, the locking jaws primary function it that its strength relies on the width of the jaw and the length of the jaw when in the locking position. More modern machines are now moving to the lockess style of construction but the palmrest design and the top lid has now been redesigned to give a perceived and noticeable incline to enable the lid to remain closed (clam shell design). 

Wireless cable systems are usually attached behind the screen on the lid base, their primary function is to provide a larger surface area in which to receive the appropriate wireless signals, this also applies to blue-tooth cable systems as well. Most wireless cable systems are usually an RF self adhesive pad this enables the service technician to easily replace a damaged cable.

Well That’s it for now!

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Getting familiar with recordable DVD formats

Probably everyone nowadays had a need to transfer information between several PC’s or make a backup copy of favorite movie. Recordable DVDs (DVD-Rs) serve this purpose very well, but it could be quite hard to get familiar with all the different types of them. While in CD era there were only two formats, namely CD-R for recordable and CD-RW for rewritable disk, for DVD it is not that simple. The fight between manufacturers to enforce their own formats led to the mess of the biblical scale. Besides DVD-R and DVD-RW, in most shops it is possible to encounter DVD+R, DVD+RW and even mysterious DVD-RAM. And there is no guarantee that your DVD drive will be able to work with newly purchased disk.

In this article we will try and help users to get familiar with this mess.

DVD-ROM

(DVD Read Only Memory). Generic factory-printed DVD. All mass-production DVDs with movies, software etc are printed on DVD-ROM.

DVD-R

(DVD-Recordable – pronounced as “DVD Are” or “DVD Dash Are”). This is the first format for recordable DVDs. It was developed in 1995 by Pioneer and was approved by DVD-Forum as a main standard for recordable DVD. Basically, this formatis direct analogue of CD-R but with bigger capacity and, respectively, smaller track size. As with CD-R, record is made by altering the structure of organic polymer in reflective layer with powerful laser. DVD-R can be recorded only once, but it is compatible with most DVD players and computer DVD drives. Properly stored and unscratched DVD is believed to remain readable for hundreds of years.

Initially DVD-R was only single-layered, but recently double-layer DVD-R DL (dual layer) becomes available. They are also known as DVD-R9, however, they are still uncommon and they can be recorded only on newest models of DVD burners. Trying to record these disks in non-compatible drive can actually lead to the DVD burner damage.

There are two types of DVD-R disks: DVD-R Authoring (DVD-R (A)) and DVD-R General (DVD-R (G)).DVD-R (A) type of disks appears first and was used only for professional needs. This type of disk allows recording of anything, including hidden area and keys, which means that It can be used as a master-copy for mass-production.

Devices and disks compatible with DVD-R(A) are professional equipment and therefore very expensive and uncommon.

DVD-R General (G) is much more common. It was developed later specifically for the needs of common users. This type of disks does not allow making a full copy of protected DVD – no keys will be recorded and resulting disk simply will not play. On the other hand, there are lots of devices and blank DVD-R son the market for this type of disks, and they also quite inexpensive. DVD-R (G) devices can read DVD-R (A) disks but cannot record anything on them.

Unlike CD-R, DVD-R shave a special copy protection called CPRM, which stands for Content Protection for Recordable Media. Each blank DVD-R has inerasable encrypted entry (lead in) in hidden area of the disk, which contains information about type of medium and manufacturer. When backup copy of protected DVD is made, copy program will re-encode the information again, but this time using this hidden information, so twill not be possible to copy the resulting disk again as it will require hidden information from specific medium. This type of copy protection also supported by other DVD-Forum formats, namely DVD-RW and DVD-RAM.

DVD-RW

DVD-RW (DVD ReWritable) was also developed by the Pioneer and essentially is the same DVD-R with only difference that reflective layer’s state can be transformed by the laser more than once. The specifications for DVD-RW states that each DVD-RW medium should withstand up to 1000 rewriting cycles. The reflectivity of DVD-RWs is much less then of DVD-R and some DVD drives can mistake them for dual-layer DVD. For this reason DVD-RW are compatible with only approximately 70% of existing DVD players.

Early models of DVD-drives required DVD-RW to be finalized in order to read it properly; however, with the appearance of new drives this is not necessary anymore in most cases. It is also not necessary to write at least 1 GB on a disk. Files of any size, no matter how small can be recorded now.

Dual layer DVD-RW, called DVD-RW DL with capacity up to 8.54GB of data is about to appear soon. Currently it is being developed by Ricoh; unfortunately, it won’t be compatible with current DVD-drives and for this reason is unlikely to ever become popular. Besides, high capacity Blue-Ray and HD DVD are also coming soon.

DVD+RW

Despite the decision of DVDForum, DVD+RW (DVD ReWritable, pronounced as DVD plus R) format was founded and promoted by coalition of developers called DVD+RW Alliance. First version of DVD+RW, presented in 1997, was able to hold only 2.8 GB of data (compared with 4.7 for DVD-RW). These disks also weren’t compatible with normal DVD players and, basically, all of these were the reasons for DVD Forum not to accept this standard.

later developers managed to improve both flaws but even after this, DVD+RW didn’t become a standard. As a result, DVD+RW can only reviewed a potential alternative to DVD-RW. However, DVD+RW is not without some pleasant features that DVD-RW misses:

1. Lossless linking technology allows editing of the recorded disk on sector level, which means that, unlike in DVD-RW, there is no need to rewrite whole disk when only certain parts of it needs to be changed.

2. DVD+RW format has better facility for error handling. If certain sector wasn’t recorded properly, it is rewritten again, more carefully. Also during the process of disk creation DVD Burner is able to determine the address of sector that is being recorded, so if the record process is interrupted, it is possible to resume it from the same position where it stopped.

3. DVD+RW format supports EasyWrite(Mt. Rainier) technology, which in conjunction with special software such as DirectCD or InCD allows using DVD+RW medium as a normal floppy or hard drive via Explorer or other file manager. The support for EasyWrite also will be included in new Microsoft Windows Vista as a standard option.

4. In addition to everything above, maximum writing speed for DVD+RW is about twice faster than for DVD-RW.

However, DVD+RW format also has some drawbacks.For example, DVD+RW is less compatible compared to DVD-RW, and the probability of running into incompatible DVD drive is higher, no matter what the press-releases and advertisements claim. Compatibility becomes even bigger issue for old DVD drives.

DVD+RW and DVD+R have a special protection system designed for them, called VCPS (Video Content Protection System for DVD+R/+RW). It has all the features of CPRM (which is for DVD-RRW) and also supports limitations in copying of protected digital broadcasts. However, such innovations are usually welcomed only by movie and video producers and generally provide only nuisance for users.

DVD+R

Although it might seem strange, DVD+R was introduced by the same DVD+RWAlliance later than DVD+RW, namely in 2002, which is the reason why it is possible to encounter DVD drives that can work with DVD+RW but are totally incompatible with DVD+R. The introduction of DVD+R was more of a step back for the developers, as the only thing they have to do to create DVD+R is to change the substance in reflective layer of DVD+RW from rewritable to the one that support only one cycle of writing. Due to this, DVD+R is actually missing some of useful features of DVD+RW, such as improved error handling. There is also dual layer version of DVD+R, called DVD+R DL or DVD+R9 (actually, it appeared earlier thanDVD-R9). In general, DVD+R does not differ much from DVD-R.

DVD-RAM

Initially DVD-RAM (DVD-Random Access Memory) was developed for back-up storage, but later it’s capabilities in handling video became evident, so now there are many home DVD-RAM camcorders and DVD-RAM recorders which are aimed to replace VHS.

Although DVD-RAM format was developed by Panasonic in compliance with DVD Forum, it is much different from DVD-R and DVD-RW. The chemical part of the process is essentially the same as in DVD-RW, but the logical part more resembles the operation of hard disk drive. From the very beginning DVD-RAM is divided into several sectors. Data is recorded not in circular track as in normal DVD and CD but is directed in certain sector, without particular order. During reading of the disk this allows to find the desired file fast and easily by addressing appropriate sector. Besides, this layout allows reading and writing information simultaneously. Interestingly enough, DVD-RAM does not require any special software for recording; it can be accessed in the same manner as normal hard drive or floppy disk.

Although DVD-RAM can withstand more writing cycles (about 100000) than DVD-RW, it is substantially more fragile and have to be handled with much greater care. For this reason many DVD-RAMs are being sold in special cartridges, however, if disk is single-sided, it can be removed from cartridge temporarily as some DVD-RAM recorders have normal CD tray instead of cartridge loader.

Some DVD-RAM disks are actually sold without any case at all. These disks require extreme caution during use.

However, despite being extremely fragile, DVD-RAM has most reliable error checking. If error is discovered during burning process, data is simply recorder in different sector; while in any other DVD format disk will become completely unreadable.

Speaking of compatibility, any DVD-RAM recorder will have no troubles reading DVD-R and DVD-RW formats. However, only few drives will be able to read DVD-RAM format. Unfortunately, DVD-RAM is much less common compared to other formats of recordable DVD‘s and therefore the price for both drives and disks is still relatively high.

DVD+VR, DVD-VR

DVDs can be recorded in two modes – Video Format and Video Recording Format (DVD-VR). First one is compliant with DVD-Video standard and is compatible with any equipment (this format is used for factory DVD-Video disks and for video data on DVD-R). DVD-RV mode can be altered after recording and does not require copy to hard drive in order to edit disk contents. It is possible to add, cut and delete video data for the disks written in DVD-VR mode, it is also possible to add more chapters or change menu. This can be done for both DVD-RW and DVD-RAM (for DVD-RAM it is actually the only available mode).

For DVD+RW there exists slightly better version of DVD-VR called DVD+VR. Some of the positive differences from DVD-VR are the possibility of creation of full-fledged menus up to 30megabytes in size, while DVD-VR can only generate standard play-lists. It is also possible to delete data from DVD+VR anytime, while in DVD-VR it has to be done only prior to recording of new data. And the most important thing – DVD-VR disks can only be played on DVD Burner or home DVD Recorder, while DVD+VR can be viewed on any device capable of reading DVD+RW.

Not long ago the selection of preferred format was an important question, as after selecting, for example, DVD-R compatible device the user have to live with the fact that the device won’t be able to read or write DVD+R. It was also dangerous to use DVD-RW or DVD+RW as a floppy to transfer data, because, unlike CD-RW, there was a chance that there will be incompatible drive in other computer.

Luckily enough, these problems are now gone.

Summary

After the appearance of first multi-format device on the market, any modern DVD drive now supports almost all of available formats, and the selection of desired type of DVD can be made several times a day, depending on particular task. The only sad thing that the mess with DVD formats was sorted too late, as completely new formats of disks are already emerging.

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Do we really need more capacity?

Cynics amongst us may say that it’s just another way for the computer and consumer electronics industry to sell us all something new. While there is an element of truth in this, as not everyone needs the additional capacity but computers, software and applications do continue to be increasingly data hungry.

Many users will welcome the additional amount of storage that both formats offer, as they are getting to full capacity with DVD and are starting to need multi-disc sets. The new formats will be the equivalent to five and ten times the size of a DVD. In addition to this, faster broadband speeds are allowing users to download increasingly larger amounts of data.

High definition television will begin broadcasting throughout Europe in 2006 and will allow consumers the best possible television experience in both watching and recording. In the United States over seven million digital televisions have already been sold and Europe is not far behind. In Europe, it is expected that broadcasting the World Cup in 2006 in high definition and will be a major factor for many to make their first purchase of a high definition digital television.

The fast transfer rate of blue laser disc – coupled with the larger capacity on a disc – also makes it ideal for archive applications, medical records and high resolution assets that need instant access or retrieval.

First of all, let’s take a quick look at the differences between the two formats that both utilise blue laser disc recording:

Blu-ray

Blu-ray is backed by over 100 companies who are members of the Blu-ray Disc Association (http://www.blu-raydisc.com). The key members include; Sony, Pioneer, HP, Dell, Philips, Mitsubishi Chemical, Walt Disney, TDK, Hitachi, 20th Century Fox and Apple.

Initial storage capacity of a Blu-ray disc will be 25GB (or 135 minutes of high definition film and two hours of bonus features in standard definition quality) for a single layer and 50GB with dual layer (or three hours of film and nine hours of bonus materials). Prototypes have already been developed by TDK that will take this to 100GB on a single side. The Blu-ray group estimate the technology will be viable as a format standard for 10-15 years.

Similar to CD and DVD, Blu-ray discs will be available as once only recordable (BD-R), re-writable (BD-E) and in a pre-recorded disc format (BD-ROM). There will also be two other types of Blu-ray disc that are contained in cartridges for specific use in the broadcast and data archiving industries. These are called PD and PDD respectively.

Blu-ray disc products will be launched to cover three major application areas:

1. Desktop computer use and home video applications.

2. Professional broadcasting.

3. Professional data backup applications.

Blu-ray discs are manufactured using a single disc substrate, with the recording layer very close to the disc surface. This should result in less potential distortion, higher precision and shorter production times and costs.

In terms of backward compatibility, it is likely that Blu-ray disc products will play both DVD and CD formats. It is also expected that Blu-ray PC and Mac recorders will also be able to record onto CD and DVD discs. Sony have recently announced that their next generation Playstation 3 console will have Blu-ray capability.

High Density DVD

There are fewer companies in the HD-DVD Promotion Group (http://www.hddvdprg.com), but still some significant ones none the less. Companies include; NEC, Toshiba, Sanyo, Thomson and Universal Pictures. The format is also supported by the DVD Forum.

Initial storage capacity is around 15/20GB, 30/32GB and 45 GB as a maximum with dual layer. In its present shape, the capacity is unable to go beyond that due to the position of the recording layer, which is further away from the disc surface.

Disc manufacturers will be able to transition over to HD-DVD more easily as it is a similar disc structure to DVD. However, the limited capacity could see it end up as an interim solution and manufacturers will inevitably need to invest in Blu-ray production lines.

Like DVD, HD-DVD disc is manufactured by bonding two surfaces (substrates) together. It is likely that HD-DVD devices will also be able to play DVD and CD content. Discs will be available in a recordable (HD-DVD-R), re-writable (HD-DVD-RW) and pre-recorded version (HD-DVD-ROM).

89 film titles will be introduced in late 2005.

Why can blue laser expand capacity?

With the same disc surface size as both CD and DVD a blue laser disc can record and store more information by using a laser beam with a much smaller focus than CD or DVD. This laser can record smaller and higher density pits, enabling more data storage.

A closer look at Blu-ray

Within the Blu-ray family there are three types of discs available, which are optimised for specific applications. The main demand and usage will be for the standard Blu-ray product, but there are also two other types of Blu-ray discs available that have been specifically developed for the broadcast and data storage market:

Professional Disc (PD)

PD has been developed specifically for the news gathering and broadcast markets.

Products are already being introduced by Sony. These include; a recording and editing system – ENG (Electronic News Gathering) – as well as the XDCAM series of professional camcorders.

PD has a faster data transfer rate, 72 Mpbs as opposed to 36Mbps, than the standard Blu-ray product and is seen as a replacement for traditional tape loaded broadcast cameras.

The disc is re-writable and contained in a cartridge for added protection in field use. PD disc media is being manufactured by both Sony and TDK.

Professional Disc for Data (PDD)

PDD has been developed as a replacement for traditional magneto optical (MO) applications, such as data juke boxes for online or archive access and storage. PDD is physically almost identical to Professional disc (PD) and is available as re-writable and recordable. The disc is contained in a cartridge for protection and ease of use by the robotics in any juke box or library system. Typical users will be medical, banking, government and telecom businesses who need fast network access to large amounts of data or information.

Standard Blu-ray

Standard Blu-ray will be the main Blu-ray product for mass use in consumer recorders and players, PC drives and games consoles, such as PlayStation 3. The disc media can be supplied ‘naked’ and is not contained in a cartridge due to the application at manufacture of a hard coat protective layer. The first manufacturer to introduce this is TDK with their ‘Durabis’ coating technology.

Dell and HP have committed to begin shipment of their high end PC’s with Blu-ray by the end of 2005. Blu-ray will have built-in encryption and copy protection within the hardware and at the media manufacturing level to minimise piracy and illegal copying.

Why the need for a protective layer?

One immediate reason for the protective layer is that by packing more and more data onto the same size disc surface the recorded data can be more susceptible to playback problems caused by damage from handling, scratches and static. Also, in order to obtain the highest capacity from the Blu-ray disc format and to ensure higher precision, the recording layer in a Blu-ray disc is manufactured closer to the disc surface than both DVD and HD-DVD. This means that the Blu-ray disc has a far higher capacity than other blue laser discs such as HD-DVD, but this does mean that the disc needs to be encased in a caddy like PD and PDD or protected by an additional coating layer. By being able to manufacture a disc that can be used in its ‘naked’ form without a caddy it will ensure a more widespread use and uptake of the Blu-ray format. This is because the disc will be used in a number of different drives and consumer electronic products. Disposing of the caddy will also dramatically reduce the manufacturing and end user unit costs.

Disc Structure Comparison

With the need to have a protective coating on a ‘naked’ Blu-ray disc, TDK were the first media manufacturer to introduce a ‘scratchproof’ coating. This has been available for some time as an option on their DVD product range, but recently they have taken this technology even further with the latest version of coating technology called ‘Urbis’. The advantages of the ‘Urbis’ coating mean that discs can be used without a caddy and are far less likely to be damaged by scratches, UV light, fingerprints and dust attracted by static.

And finally….When will it all become available?

Toshiba Corp. has announced a March 2006 commercial launch date for the first HD-DVD player in the United States.

Blu-ray disc recorders were first launched in Japan in 2003. Blu-ray is available in Japan in caddy format and it is expected to be available in the US by summer 2006.

Professional Disc (PD) for broadcasting has limited availability already. It is mainly being tested and trialled in high definition TV projects by the major broadcast companies and authorities.

Professional Disc for Data (PDD), which is used for archiving and back up also has limited availability.

Both the Blu-ray group and HD-DVD group are talking together about a single format to avoid a format clash. However, as each party’s proposal appears to be that the other one drops their format, it seems unlikely it will lead to ‘peace in our time’.

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Finding an affordable laptop with features you need can be as frustrating as finding a mechanic who talks about your car’s pings in a language you understand. “Just tell me what’s under the hood!” you might want to shout, because how cars work has changed. A lot. Understanding the the world of today’s computers has gotten more complex, as well. But instead of a mechanic who at least has the ability to fix your new vehicle, when it comes to laptop-shopping, you’re dependent on a salesperson who’s not about to offer information you might not even know you want. Talk of processors alone can make your head spin faster than a DVD.

One company – Toshiba – has developed a flagship line of laptops designed for every use engineers and users alike want in portable computing… The Satellite series. Currently, nine versions of this popular brand are available, all priced for affordability, without sacrificing the features users expect and need in computing. Toshiba backs its laptops with claims no other company can make: The company was the first to introduce the personal laptop in 1985; the first to offer color monitors in 1991; the first to offer laptops with a CD-ROM drive in 1995; the first to have DVD drives in 1999; and the first to offer wireless laptops in 2001.

Furthermore, Toshiba concentrates solely on laptops in the U.S.; desktop and servers aren’t available.

With pride backed by focusing on one product, Toshiba energized the laptop market with the Satellite series. Even the lowest-end Satellite has the everyday essentials you need to make the most of your time. Depending on the Satellite model you choose, you’ll enjoy the newest technology available. FM tuners, web cams, lightning-fast processors, huge storage capabilities, and even solid-state drives are available in this line. But even the lowest-end Satellites offer Toshiba‘s “Trubrite” screen technology – giving you stunning visuals, whether you’re editing family photos, or watching streaming video.

Toshiba charts the Satellite models into categories like: “Everyday Laptops,” which include the Satellites E105, A500 and M500. This group was designed for chatting with friends, viewing photos, balancing your budget and catching up with school projects – without sacrificing the power you need for essential multimedia and connectivity situations.

The Toshiba Satellite L500, the company’s most popular model, is packed with every essential you want and features you haven’t thought of but might need and will appreciate. Selected L500s contain a generous 4 GB of memory, giving you the performance you require strategizing during a favorite game – or simply helping you stay current with fast-changing software upgrades. All L500s (and many lower-end series’ models) come with Toshiba Face Recognition software, to keep you even closer to the people you talk to.

Toshiba users are quick to point out their laptops’ best features: big screens with vibrant color; better-than-expected, if not great, battery life; solid connectivity when they’re on the go, the easy-to-use touch pad, with includes options for use; and the quality of construction. As one reviewer wrote, “Despite a low price, this Satellite is not a bare-bones laptop, which you might expect. It’s a cut above any other laptop in its price range, easily, and it’s easy-to-use.”

The fact that Toshiba laptops are packed with features that don’t require extensive training, or break the bank, is something the company is happy to share. Well-made products has been Toshiba‘s mission since it produced the very first portable laptop nearly 25 years ago. The Satellite is simply the brightest offshoot of Toshiba‘s expertise, offering everyone a solid performer, at a price everyone can afford.

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