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Indoor air quality is a major health concern. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pollutant levels are two to five times higher inside the home than out. These pollutants include airborne particles and particulate matter such as allergens, lung irritants, gases, toxic chemicals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Indoor air pollution contaminates the air we breathe every day. Since you draw about 9 out of 10 breaths indoors, it’s easy to see why indoor air quality is a top health concern. You typically inhale about two tablespoons of airborne particles a day.

These pollutants put stress on your immune system, which can lead to other health problems. The effects of poor indoor air quality on an individual can vary greatly based on age and relative health. However, in general, poor indoor air quality leads to allergy symptoms, respiratory problems, and weakened immune systems. Children are especially susceptible to the health risks of polluted indoor air since their lungs are smaller and they have to take more breaths throughout the day. If you experience allergy symptoms or asthma attacks in your home, you may have poor indoor air quality. Other sources of IAQ problems may include poor ventilation, lingering odors, environmental changes like recent construction, new furniture, water damage, or a new pet.

Solutions to Indoor Air Pollution

The EPA suggests three basic methods for improving indoor air quality:

1. Control the source of air pollution.

2. Improve ventilation.

3. Purchase an air purifier.

Your first step should be an attempt to control the source of air pollution. If the pollution stems from something like mold, smoke, or chemical off-gassing, it may be possible to remove it from your home; this is most effective and lasting method of improving indoor air quality. However, some indoor air pollutants, such as dust and pollen, are too pervasive, and you can’t always get rid of the sources.

Better ventilation will improve your indoor air quality if the offending pollutant is a chemical or gas. In this case, bringing fresh air into the home can be very helpful. However, many indoor air pollutants originate outdoors, so opening a window on a high pollen-count day or in a smoggy city may not be the best idea.

The third step suggested by the EPA is to purchase an air purifier. With so many types and brands of air purifiers on the market, it’s pretty easy to find one that is well-suited to your home’s particular situation. Quality air purifiers can work wonders on IAQ. However, some popular air cleaners on the market are not very effective, and many air cleaners actually exacerbate some of the very problems they are meant to cure.

Common Indoor Air Pollutants

Thousands of different chemicals and proteins may be polluting your air. The most common complaints for allergy sufferers involve airborne particles like pet allergens, pollen, dust, mold, etc. These common allergens range in size from 0.3 to 100 microns, and they are small enough to be inhaled, but they’re too large to be easily exhaled. HEPA air purifiers represent the best method of removing common allergens.

Many other common indoor pollutants are simply household odors and gases. These pollutants include things like cooking smells, tobacco smoke, pet litter, and indoor pesticides. Such chemicals and odors can aggravate allergies and asthma.

Chemically reactive gases and VOCs are also responsible for poor indoor air quality. They are found in common household products like paints, cleaning supplies, disinfectants, and new carpets. They are especially harmful for the young, the elderly, and the chemically sensitive, and they can be hazardous to your health if they are present at high enough levels, or if your home is poorly ventilated. VOCs can cause symptoms like headaches, nausea, and throat irritation, and many VOCs are known carcinogens.

How Air Purifiers Improve Your Health

A good air purifier will rid your air of allergens, odors, chemicals, and many airborne disease-causing agents. Even if you’re not sick now, if you continue to breathe polluted air, you will experience detrimental health effects in the future. Many VOCs, for example, are known carcinogens that are likely to cause cancer after continuous exposure. When you purchase a quality air purifier, you will notice the difference. The air will smell fresher, and you will breathe better and sleep better.

Air Purification Technologies

HEPA Air Filters

HEPA stands for High Efficiency Particulate Air. A HEPA filter removes airborne particles like pet dander, mold spores, and dust, capturing 99.97% of all particles 0.3 microns and larger. Out of every 10,000 particles that pass through the HEPA filter, only 3 can escape if the filter is certified HEPA. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security recommends HEPA air purifiers because they’re highest current standard in air filtration. If you suffer from allergies, a HEPA filter is a necessary requirement for an air purifier. When looking at a HEPA filter, consider aspects like the size and quality of the filter medium. Top HEPA filter brands include Austin Air, Allerair, Blueair, Honeywell, IQAir, NQ Clarifier and Amaircare.

Activated Carbon Filters

Activated carbon removes gases, odors, and toxic chemicals. Carbon is “activated” by treating it with oxygen, which opens up millions of tiny pores, creating a surprisingly large surface area. (One pound of activated carbon can have a surface area of 60-150 acres!) Chemicals, gases, and odors stick to the carbon and are adsorbed by its huge surface area, bonding to the surface through chemical attraction. The more carbon there is, the more gases and chemicals it can adsorb. Impregnated carbon has been treated with an additional chemical, typically potassium iodide or potassium permanganate. These chemicals are known as chemisorbents, and they improve the carbon’s ability to handle VOCs and chemically reactive gases.

Electrostatic Filters

Electrostatic filters use some kind of electrostatic charge to attract pollutants. Electrostatic precipitators are air cleaners which charge particles as they pass over an electronic cell and trap the particles on oppositely charged collector plates. The advantage of electrostatic filters is that there are no filters to replace; the disadvantage is that the effectiveness of the air cleaner decreases very rapidly as the collector plates fill up with particles. Unless you are willing to wash them frequently, electrostatic filters may quickly become ineffective. Also, some electrostatic filters may generate unsafe levels of ozone, a powerful lung irritant. The Friedrich air purifier, previously ranked as the top air purifier by Consumer Reports, uses an extremely efficient electrostatic filter.

Charged Media Filters

Another type of filter which relies on electrostatic charge is the charged media filter. Charged media filters charge particles before collecting them in a traditional filter. They can trap very small particles, since they combine a filter and a charge. They can also run more quietly and economically, since the fan does not have to work as hard to draw the particles through the filter. However, like the example above, the charged-media filters lose their efficiency pretty rapidly, and some require frequent and expensive filter changes. These types of units can emit ozone, but the better ones on the market do not. If you are going to purchase this type of air purifier, make sure that it does not emit ozone. The best air purifier in this category is the ultra-quiet Blueair air purifier – and Blueair air purifiers do not emit ozone.

Ionic Air Cleaners and Ozone Generators

Ionic air cleaners operate by drawing in particles and ionizing them (giving them a negative charge). Then the particles are released into the room, where they are attracted to positively charged surfaces like walls and furniture. Since the particles are never really collected by a filter, they stick to surfaces and make your house dirty; moreover, the particles can be dislodged and re-enter the air by simple movements like walking or sitting. Most ionizing air cleaners generate ozone, which is a documented health hazard and lung irritant.

Another type of machine sold as an air cleaner is an ozone generator. Obviously, these types of machines are not recommended. The EPA has published several documents discouraging the use of ozone generators as air cleaners. Not only do they create a health hazard by emitting high levels of ozone, but they are also ineffective at cleaning the air.

Conclusion

Most homes contain a variety of indoor air pollutants, including airborne particulates, allergens, household chemicals, and odors. At achooallergy.com we recommend air purifiers that combine a HEPA filter with some type of activated carbon filter; this combination will remove the widest variety of indoor air pollutants.

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You’re convinced. You’ve done your research. You’ve consulted the air quality experts. You know that HEPA quality air purifiers are exactly what you need. You’re ready to whip out that credit card and pounce on the best HEPA air purifier deal you can find.

But hold on there! HEPA may be the best game in town but are all HEPA air purifiers created equal? Not by a long shot! You need to know when HEPA filters don’t equal HEPA performance.

What’s Wrong Here? Quality Issues That Stifle Your Air Purifier Performance

By this point in your research you know that HEPA filtration removes close to 99.99% of particles in any size range. It’s lowest performance is a 99.97% efficiency at 0.3 micron particles. But that’s theoretical efficiency. What about the real world? What about actual performance? What factors rob you of the cleanest possible air?

Would you believe that some air purifiers are intentionally designed to be less efficient? Why? Because they’re cheap, that’s why!

Yes, Good ol’ deep discount, cheap air purifiers. They have to be less efficient. One of the most expensive components in high quality air purifiers is the motor. Cut the cost of the motor and you cut the cost of the air purifier.

But a cheap motor can’t work continuously against the back pressure of a HEPA filter. It overheats. It wears out, burns out and dies. So, what to do? Manufacturers design air bypassing into the machine. The pressure is relieved and bypassing air can be used to cool the cheap motor.

Unfortunately you lose air cleaning efficiency.

Cost Cutting the HEPA Filter

High quality air purifiers use high quality HEPA filters. How do you know how your air purifier compares? Simple. Manufacturers are always happy to toot their own horn. So listen to the tune they’re playing.
Manufacturers using cut rate HEPA filters will most likely be silent about essential quality issues or else mumble incoherent nonsense.

What are the essential quality issues for HEPA filters?

First, size matters. The bigger the better. Larger surface area HEPA filters remove more particulates before becoming clogged, thus lasting longer. They can also pass a higher volume of air, removing more particulates with each pass.

Second, the quality of the HEPA filter material and construction are critical. Pleats should be uniform and maintained in place with spacers. Unevenly spaced pleats restrict air flow.

The best material for HEPA filters is thin paper but this is delicate and can be easily damaged by the pleating process or during installation into the air purifier. High quality air purifiers often feature HEPA filters that have been pleated by a process called “warm rolling”. This prevents efficiency robbing cracks from developing in the pleats.

Better quality air purifiers also house the filters in such a way as to prevent damage.

All such quality features are proudly announced by the manufacturers that employ them. Reputable merchants that truly understand air purification will also make certain you know you’re buying quality. Better still, the merchants most dedicated to your satisfaction won’t sell anything but air purifiers that truly perform as expected.

A Few Examples of Top Quality Air Purifiers

I personally own an air purifier by Allerair. They fully address the issues raised above. Another very good choice is IQAir. They actually individually test and certify each air purifier they build for total system efficiency. You get the certifying document so you know exactly how well your personal air purifier performs.

I also like NQ Clarifier, Austin Air and a recently arrived Korean brand, Airgle. AllergyBuyersClub.com and achoo!Allergy.com feature these air purifiers and others of comparable quality. Check them out before you buy another air purifier. You’ll be glad you did.

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Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), once widely regarded with skepticism, is a growing health concern for many Americans. The October 2006 issue of National Geographic magazine features an in-depth article about the chemical pollution within our bodies and the increasing prevalence of MCS.

Most of the problematic chemicals did not exist until after World War II, when petrochemicals (petroleum-based chemicals) were synthesized. Many pesticides, synthetic fragrances, cleaning products, and detergents are made from toxic petrochemicals. These chemicals can be found all around us, especially inside the tightly sealed walls of homes, offices, and automobiles.

Formaldehyde and other toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) enter the air from carpet, plastic, insulation, adhesives, and other building materials. Other dangerous chemicals include: pesticides in bug sprays, lawn chemicals, and household cleaners; nitrogen dioxide in unvented gas stoves or heaters and carbon monoxide gas appliances; solvents from household cleaners, paint strippers, and gasoline; dyes from clothing and other materials; and latex from paints, gloves, and caulking. These chemicals may cause sore throats, headaches, digestive problems, nervous system problems, respiratory problems, various allergic reactions, and even cancer in some cases.

The right air purifier will remove these dangerous chemicals from the air in your home; however, the wrong air purifier will only make the air quality worse. If you suffer from MCS, you should avoid ozone generators and ionic air cleaners. Not only do these machines generate ozone, which is a powerful lung irritant, but the ozone can combine with ordinary household fumes to create formaldehyde, carbonyls, and other reactive, unstable, and carcinogenic compounds.

“You start with a biologically innocent compound, and you expose it to ozone, and you get a carcinogen,” explains Professor William Nazaroff of the University of California, Berkeley. “There’s a lot of downside risk from reactive chemistry, as our investigations have begun to explore.”

Not all air purifiers emit dangerous chemicals. Founded by a man whose wife developed MCS, AllerAir Industries specializes in correcting the problem of airborne chemical pollution. AllerAir air purifiers contain pounds of activated carbon to adsorb chemicals.

The AllerAir MCS Series Air Purifiers include special features to handle even the smallest traces of chemical vapors. Additionally, they are manufactured with inert materials to ensure that the air purifier itself does not off-gas VOCs or other harmful chemicals. Even the pre-filter is made with unbleached, pesticide-free 100% cotton!

AllerAir has perfected the art of creating special carbon blends to address different chemical pollution problems. The AllerAir 5000 DS Air Purifier adsorbs tobacco smoke, tar, fine ash, and other airborne particulates; its specially blended carbon traps up to 400 toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke. AllerAir VOCARB air purifiers specialize in the removal of VOCs and other gases and chemicals, while the AllerAir 6000 D Air Purifier and the AllerAir 6000 DX Air Purifier contain 28 and 36 pounds of activated carbon, respectively, for heavy-duty chemical, gas, and odor removal.

Other effective, unique air cleaners for unique chemical pollution problems include the GC and GCX series air purifers by IQAir. The IQAir GC AM air purifier specializes in absorbing ammonia, a chemical found in many cleaning products which can cause difficulty breathing. The IQAir GC Chemisorber air purifier rids the air of many dangerous chemicals including hydrogen sulfite, nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde. You may not even know that these chemicals are present in the air, but after prolonged exposure, they can cause respiratory disorders and other illnesses. The IQAir GC Multigas air purifier specializes in the removal of chemical fumes and tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke is one of the most harmful and longest-lingering types of smoke, and it’s no surprise that many people are allergic to it. The IQAir GC VOC air purifier specializes in the removal of VOCs.

Constructed of solid steel (so the housing will never off-gas chemicals), Austin Air Healthmate Superblend Air Purifiers contain strategically placed impregnated carbon/zeolite filters for removal of VOCs, formaldehyde, ammonia, other chemical fumes, and odors. Blueair air purifiers with a SmokeStop Filter also use actived carbon to trap smoke, odors, and chemicals.

Many people experience reactions to VOCs and other chemical fumes inside automobiles (especially new automobiles). The Amaircare Roomaid Portable HEPA Air Purifier with an optional auto adapter kit filters out allergens such as dust, smoke, pollen, animal dander, and mold, as well as VOCs, auto exhaust, and other noxious fumes and odors. The compact, portable Blueair AirPod air purifier also provides clean air on-the-go.

Unfortunately, if you have chemical sensitivities, you can’t always carry an air purifier with you, even if it is small and portable. But you can always carry a mask with you, and most people with extreme chemical sensitivities do just that. During her bout with MCS, Dr. Gloria Gilbere always carried an I Can Breathe mask. Dr. Gilbere says, “I use and recommend I Can Breathe masks because I found they are the least reactive for highly sensitive individuals as well as because of the protection of a disposable filter and the light weight. So many masks I tried were so thick and heavy that I felt like I was suffocating. Fortunately, I don’t have to wear one anymore, but I don’t leave home without one in my car, briefcase or handbag.”

Our modern world is becoming increasingly toxic, and in order to live long, healthy lives, we must start paying closer attention to the pollutants that we inhale everyday. As David Ewing Duncan writes in the National Geographic article, “Thanks to modern chemistry, eggs don’t stick to the pan, underarms are fresh all day, SUVs hit 60 in six seconds. But such convenience has a price: Chemicals that suffuse modern life – from well-known toxins to newer compounds with unknown effects – are building up in our bodies and sometimes staying there for years.”

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